bet v1 and bet v2 Bet v 1 - Betv 1 protein Bet v 1 Decoding Bet v1 and Bet v2: Understanding Birch Pollen Allergens and Their Cross-Reactivity

Betv 1 foods Birch pollen allergies affect a significant portion of the population, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptomsDetection of Bet v1, Bet v2 and Bet v4 Specific IgE .... At the heart of this allergy are specific proteins found in birch pollen, primarily Bet v 1 and Bet v 2.Detection of Bet v1, Bet v2 and Bet v4 specific IgE ... Understanding these allergens is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management of birch allergy. Both Bet v proteins play a key role in how the immune system responds to birch pollen, and their interactions with other plant proteins can lead to complex allergic reactions.

Bet v 1, often identified as the major birch pollen allergen, is a member of the PR-10 protein family. This family of proteins is characterized by its role in plant defense mechanisms and its structural similarities across various plant species. Research indicates that Bet v 1 is the primary trigger for type I allergies observed in early spring. Studies have shown that antibodies against Bet v 1 were found in the sera of 89.9% of patients diagnosed with allergies, highlighting its dominance as an allergen. In fact, Bet v 1 is considered the prototype for the PR-10 protein family causing respiratory allergy. Its molecular structure has also been noted to have a striking resemblance to human lipocalin 2, suggesting intricate biological interactions. The protein itself, Betula pendula allergen 1, typically has a molecular weight of about 18 kDa and is sourced directly from birch pollen.

In contrast, Bet v 2 is a different type of birch allergen, often identified as profilin. Profilin (Bet v2) is a protein known for its widespread presence in various plants, not just birch. This characteristic is particularly significant because it underlies a phenomenon known as cross-reactivityThis test determines the relative amount of IgE antibody to the cross-reactive profilin,Bet v2. IgE antibodies toBet v2are associated with birch pollen .... Recombinant birch allergens (Bet v 1 and Bet v 2) are frequently used in diagnostic testing to identify specific IgE antibodies. When it comes to Bet v2 positivity, studies have indicated it was found more frequently in the group of children than in adults, although this finding does not negate its presence and impact in adult populations. The presence of Bet v 1 specific IgE antibodies is generally more common, but considering Bet v 2 is also vital for a comprehensive allergy profile.

The relationship between Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 is complex and often involves cross-reactivity, a key concept in allergy testing. Because Bet v 1 shares molecular homology with many other plants, individuals sensitized to Bet v 1 may also react to similar proteins found in other plant pollens and even certain foods. This can manifest as Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS), a condition frequently associated with birch allergy. Similarly, Bet v 2 (profilin) also exhibits significant cross-reactivity due to its widespread distribution in the plant kingdom. This means that an allergy to birch pollen may lead to reactions to other pollens and foods containing profilin, such as certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts. For example, research has investigated the phenomenon of Bet v 1- and Bet v 2-associated plant food sensitization in different geographical regions.

Diagnosis of birch pollen allergy typically involves testing for specific IgE antibodies against these allergens. Detection of Bet v1, Bet v2 and Bet v4 specific IgE offers a more detailed picture of an individual's sensitization profile. While Bet v1 specific IgE antibodies are identified in most patients, the presence of antibodies against Bet v2 can indicate a broader range of plant allergies. Bet v 1, Bet v 2, and Bet v 4 are birch allergen molecules that are crucial targets for diagnostic assays.In cases of suspected birch pollen allergy, testing for antibodies to the profilinBet v1 should be considered in addition to this test for profilin Bet v2 ... Some studies suggest that a combination of Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 can account for a substantial percentage of tree pollen-specific IgE responses, on average for 82%.

Recent advancements in allergy research include the development of novel therapeutic approaches. For instance, a novel antibody cocktail targeting Bet v 1 rapidly and sustainably treats birch allergy symptoms in a phase 1 study, suggesting promising new avenues for managing this condition. Furthermore, understanding the specific protein interactions, such as Bet v 1 triggers antiviral-type immune signalling in birch, contributes to a deeper comprehension of the underlying immunological mechanisms作者：M De Amici·2003·被引用次数：20—The t test revealed significantly higher serum IgE levels againstBetv 1,Betv2, and birch pollen in the 12 symptomatic patients with respect to those ....

In summary, Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 are two pivotal allergens associated with birch pollen. Bet v 1, the major allergen, belongs to the PR-10 protein family, while Bet v 2 is profilin. Their individual and combined presence, along with their propensity for cross-reactivity with other plant substances, explains the diverse range of allergic reactions experienced by individuals with birch pollen sensitivity. Accurate assessment of Bet v1 specific IgE antibodies and profilin Bet v2 is fundamental for effective diagnosis and management of birch allergy and related food sensitivities.Recombinant birch allergens (Bet v 1 and Bet v 2) and the ...